HIGH DENSITY GOLD NANOPARTICLES FUNCTIONALIZED ELECTRODE COMBINED WITH SWELLABLE MICRONEEDLE FOR IN-VIVO SENSING OF GLUCOSE IN DIABETIC RATS

The fluctuation of blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes can result in serious and irreversible health complications.Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) play a critical role in diabetes management by tracking the glucose level fluctuations.However, CGMs still face significant challenges in sensor accuracy, precision, and stability.These limitations arise mainly from their dependence on an enzymatic detection mechanism, making them susceptible to environmental variations like temperature and humidity.Immobilizing enzymes is crucial to improving the stability of enzymatic sensors in the presence of environmental factors [1].Techniques such as integrating enzymes with nanomaterials and using advanced methods such as electro-polymerization and sol-gel entrapment have been studied [1].However, these methods produce more expensive and complex sensors with only short-term stability.Non-enzymatic sensors are far more durable than enzymatic sensors, maintaining performance for over 30 days after sterilization in undiluted whole blood [2].