Enhanced frequency control of a hybrid microgrid integrated with EV aggregator using [FOI-(PDN+1)] controller optimized by osprey optimization algorithm

Abstract Progressively increasing power demand and increasing penetration of renewable energy resources (RESs) have led to decreased system inertia that in turn increased frequency fluctuation in power system and resulted into increased focus on load frequency control (LFC). Different controllers are proposed in recent time to improve the LFC of microgrid. This paper proposes a novel fractional order integral minus proportional derivative with filter plus one [FOI-(PDN+1)] controller to minimize frequency deviation of the microgrid containing hydro-thermal power plant with photovoltaic and wind power generation. This controller provides more flexibility due to having fractional order control and also provides improved dynamics. To compensate the frequency deviation caused by load disturbance and RES variation, fast acting energy storage system capacitive energy storage (CES) and electric vehicle aggregators are employed. Multiple nonlinearities such as generation rate constraints, governor dead band, communication time delay, boiler dynamic are also taken into consideration. The proposed controller parameters are tuned by a bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm namely osprey optimization algorithm. Sensitivity of the proposed controller is inspected at different scenarios considering load perturbations, wide variation of system parameters, as well as different weather conditions. Robustness of the proposed controller is validated on Typhoon-HIL based real time emulator and the resilience of the proposed controller is investigated for LFC during denial-of-service attack. The proposed controller is effective in controlling the frequency deviation under distinct load change by stabilizing it 2.5 to 4 time faster compared to conventional, CES unit and 1.5 to 2.5 time faster compared to 2DOF-FOPID, 3DOF-FOPID and FOPTID+1. The result establishes the superiority of the studied approach.