Enhanced ballistic and mechanical performance of aluminum nickel phosphorus bronze composites reinforced with TiCN and Y₂O₃ for armored vehicles

In response to emerging military tactics and technological advancements, this research investigates the ballistic and mechanical properties of cutting-edge defense-grade aluminum nickel phosphorus bronze (Al-NPB) metal matrix composites (MMCs), enhanced with 2, 4, and 6 weight percent titanium carbonitride (TiCN) coated yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃). The Y₂O₃ nanoparticles were initially synthesized through mechanical milling, followed by further milling with TiCN to produce TiCN + Y₂O₃ (TY) nanopowders, which were subsequently integrated into the Al-NPB matrix via stir-casting. Comprehensive characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposite and MMC. Mechanical testing, encompassing tensile, impact, and compression evaluations, revealed that a 4 weight percent filler loading yielded optimal mechanical strength. Additionally, the MMCs were rigorously assessed for corrosion resistance and morphological attributes. Ballistic testing yielded promising outcomes, underscoring the potential applicability of these MMCs in armored fighting vehicles (AFVs). This study introduces a novel MMC that could significantly enhance the performance and durability of AFVs in challenging operational environments, contributing to the advancement of military defense technologies.