The interplay of agile capabilities in crisis response

Purpose Large-scale disruptions that lead to extreme environmental uncertainty, combined with perceived threats and time pressure, have prompted some organizations to rapidly form new networks. This research aims to focus on how actors in these newly formed networks leverage their agile capabilities in response to extreme disruptions. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in the agility literature, this study employs an abductive research approach and a multi-case design. Data were collected from 18 actors embedded in four newly formed networks located in the United Kingdom, Italy, Colombia and the USA. Findings Through six propositions and an empirically derived model of supply chain agility under extreme uncertainty, the findings reveal a dynamic interplay among agile capabilities. They also illustrate how the utilization of these capabilities shifts in environments characterized by severe unpredictability. Practical implications The research underscores the importance of allocating equal attention to both cognitive and physical dimensions of agility. Under conditions of extreme uncertainty, firms may need to adopt more entrepreneurial behaviors to enhance agility; however, this can increase risk exposure, which must be managed proactively. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of knowledge on supply chain agility by identifying the interrelationships between agility dimensions and demonstrating how extreme uncertainty influences their practical application.