THE PROBLEM OF ORAL GALVANOSIS IN THE PRACTICE OF A DENTIST

Oral galvanosis represents a complex diagnostic challenge associated with the presence of heterogeneous metallic dental prostheses in the oral cavity. The symptoms of the condition include burning of the mucous membrane, a metallic taste, salivation disorders, as well as neurological and cardiological manifestations, requiring thorough differential diagnosis. Galvanosis must be distinguished from inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, salivary gland pathology, endocrine, and gastroenterological disorders. Additionally, immunological aspects and the influence of electrolyte imbalance on symptom development are considered. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of oral galvanosis among dental patients and to test a comprehensive examination methodology, including immunodiagnostics and biopotential measurement. The study involved an analysis of 1,390 medical records of patients from dental clinics in Volgograd and Volzhsky. Among the 98 examined patients who reported discomfort in the oral cavity, previously installed metallic dental prostheses were identified, allowing for an assessment of the relationship between prosthetic materials and symptom severity. The results showed that in 9.5% of cases, dentists suspected galvanosis; however, diagnosis was complicated by the lack of specialized equipment and patients’ refusal to consult related specialists. The study confirmed the presence of changes in the oral mucosa associated with electrochemical processes, which may exacerbate both dental and systemic diseases. It was established that prolonged exposure to low-intensity galvanic currents can provoke chronic inflammation and destructive tissue changes. The obtained data highlight the necessity of implementing comprehensive diagnostic methods, including biopotential measurement, for the timely detection and correction of oral galvanosis, as well as optimizing the selection of dental prosthetic materials. A personalized approach to patient examination will help minimize the risk of complications, improve the quality of dental care, and develop recommendations for preventing electrochemical reactions in the oral cavity.