A nanocatalytic membrane with sono-responsive antibacterial therapy (SRAT) for rapid sterilization and enhanced chronic wound healing

Pathogenic bacteria in infected microenvironments can severely disrupt the normal progression of wound healing. Sono-responsive nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for combating bacterial infections. Despite the advantageous sono-excited antibacterial properties of n-type barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BTO), developing bioheterojunctions (bioHJs) with compatible sono-physical characteristics remains a key strategy for achieving superior sono-antibacterial efficiency. Here, we constructed a novel PN-bioHJ by integrating two-dimensional p-type black phosphorus (BP) with three-dimensional n-type cubic BTO and modifying it onto a poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) spinning membrane to enhance antibacterial performance under ultrasonic (US) stimulation. The successful construction of PN-bioHJs can significantly enhance the yield of ROS production for sono-responsive antibacterial therapy (SRAT). Additionally, the biodegradable PLGA membrane provides a biocompatible and scalable platform for the acoustic activation of the PN-bioHJs while facilitating localized antibacterial therapy. The designed sono-responsive nanocatalytic membrane demonstrates excellent bactericidal performance with antibacterial rates exceeding 99% under US stimulation. <i>In vivo</i> tests further revealed that the proposed membrane shows excellent biocompatibility and the ability to mitigate pathogenic virulence factors, potentially aiding in the regeneration of infected tissues. This work introduces a promising strategy for leveraging acoustically activated membranes in biomedical applications, paving the way for advanced solutions to combat antibiotic resistance.