High-Dynamized Dilutions in Disease Management, Development, and Yield of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract The active ingredients used in the phytosanitary management of bean crops have a residual power which results in contamination of the entire production chain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Calcarea carbonica, Calcarea phosphorica, Hepar Sulphur, and shell limestone on disease management and the development of bean plants. The experiments were carried out at Experimental Station of Epagri, Lages, SC, Brazil, and conducted in a randomized block design with six replications and two cultivars in three growing cycles. Distilled water and an untreated plot were the controls. Treatments were applied by spraying in three phenological stages. Following the appearance of initial symptoms, the incidence and severity of anthracnose, powdery mildew, and angular spot were assessed. At harvest, plant weight, thousand grain weight, number of pods per plant, and number of grains per pod were assessed. The data analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5% using the R software. The high-dynamized dilutions of Calcarea phosphorica in the first, shell limestone in the second and Hepar sulphur in the third cycle, increased grains/plant in Perola. By contrast, was an increase in the number of grains in Campeiro when Hepar sulphur, shell limestone and distilled water were applied in the first, second and third cycles, respectively. The application of Calcarea carbonica and Calcarea phosphorica reduced the severity of anthracnose, angular spot and powdery mildew. It can be concluded that high-dynamized dilutions have the potential to reduce the intensity of diseases in bean plants as well as increase grain production.