Capacity design of electric vehicle charging station based on queuing theory

To increase the utilization rate of charging facilities and promote electric vehicles (EV), charging infrastructure should be built in a rational manner. The deployment strategy of public fast-charging stations (CS) determines whether charging demand can be met efficiently. Early CS planning has achieved some success. In the past, little is known about the charging behaviors and preferences of EV users, leading to a lack of relevance in the decisions made for the government-led CS construction. To address these issues, we used data on charging orders collected from public fast-CS s in cities for the summer and winter of 2023 to analyze charging user behavior patterns and build a more realistic model. Using queuing theory, we analyzed the facility size and operational metrics of public fast-CSs. Based on this, a capacity optimization model for public fast-CS was established to optimize the facility configuration of CSs by considering two factors: Investment cost and time cost. The optimal charging equipment configuration scheme for the public fast-CS is an 800 kVA charging box variable and 8 charging terminals, and the proposed facility scheme reduces the comprehensive cost by 28.1% and the user’s dwell time by 41.16%. If more consideration is given to the experience of EV users, the number of charging terminals can be set to 9.