Oncological outcomes, survival analysis, and failure patterns in patients with resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue treated with glossectomy

Abstract Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), particularly squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (OTSCC), poses significant challenges due to its aggressive nature and high incidence rates. Treatment options for tongue cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Single modality or multimodality options are made after a multidisciplinary team decision. Surgical intervention is the preferable treatment modality for resectable OTSCC, often supplemented with adjuvant therapies to improve outcomes. Objective This study systematically evaluates oncological outcomes, survival rates, and failure patterns in patients with resectable OTSCC treated with glossectomy. The study aims to identify prognostic factors, assess treatment efficacy, and understand reasons for locoregional recurrence and poor survival outcomes. Methodology A retrospective analysis of 56 patients who underwent glossectomy for OTSCC between 2010 and 2021 at King Abdulaziz Medical City was conducted. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and oncological outcomes were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses including Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression were employed to evaluate survival and recurrence. Results The cohort predominantly included patients with OTSCC. Surgical interventions varied, with a significant proportion of patients receiving adjuvant therapies. Oncological outcomes showed a 5-year overall survival rate of 35.7%, with notable rates of locoregional recurrence. Pathological staging, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion emerged as significant predictors of survival and recurrence. Conclusion Despite advancements in treatment strategies, OTSCC remains challenging with modest survival rates and frequent recurrence. Early detection, comprehensive staging, and tailored treatment approaches are crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.