Light-matter interactions in layered materials and heterostructures: from moiré physics and magneto-optical effects to ultrafast dynamics and hybrid meta-photonics

Abstract Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have revolutionized how we approach light–matter interactions, offering unprecedented optical and electronic properties with the potential for vertical heterostructures and manipulation of spin–valley degrees of freedom. The discovery of moiré physics in twisted heterostructures has further unlocked new possibilities for controlling the band structure of tailored semiconductor heterostructures. In parallel, the integration of 2D materials with hybrid photonic structures and ultrafast studies on their optical and spin–valley properties has revealed a wealth of novel physical phenomena. This perspective highlights the recent advances in our understanding of light–matter interactions in moiré and 2D systems, with a particular emphasis on ultrafast processes and the integration of these materials into photonic platforms. We explore the implications for optoelectronics and emerging photonic technologies, positioning 2D materials as a transformative tool for next-generation devices.