Determining alternative patch sizes for rectangular microstrip antennas using DE and PSO algorithms

With the rapid development of mobile devices, designing microstrip antennas with various patch dimensions and shapes for the same resonant frequency fr has become increasingly important for better performance and compact design. This study introduces an original theoretical approach for the analysis and design of conventional rectangular patch microstrip antennas (RPMAs). The proposed method focuses on individually optimizing the dimensions of the patch using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to estimate fr of conventional RPMAs. Alternative solutions are presented at fr of 6.2 GHz for the specified search spaces of the patch dimensions using both the DE and PSO algorithms. The performance of both algorithms is evaluated comparatively over 30 runs. Additionally, the results obtained from the optimization algorithms are validated using the method of moments (MoM) -based IE3D software program, where the position of the probe feed is optimized. The best S11 performance achieved from the optimizations for the 6.2 GHz resonant frequency is an S11 value of -50.28 dB, with a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 280 MHz. Furthermore, the validity of the IE3D program is tested against the resonant frequencies of some RPMAs determined experimentally from the literature, demonstrating relatively good agreement.