Antimicrobial Resistance in Maternal Infections During Pregnancy

<b>Background</b>: An imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, often characterized by reduced lactobacilli, paves the way forth for opportunistic bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of aerobic bacteria in the genital tract during pregnancy can have negative outcomes on the pregnancy. Peripartum infections, when not adequately managed, can significantly impact maternal and neonatal health. Antimicrobial resistance poses an escalating global health threat, with newborns particularly vulnerable. <b>Methods</b>: This study constitutes a retrospective observational analysis, encompassing all microbial strains isolated from pregnant women admitted to the "Pius Brînzeu" Clinical County Emergency Hospital in Timișoara, Romania for various infectious diseases over one year. We analyzed 274 samples from 246 pregnant women, of which 242 were cervical samples, 23 urine cultures, 3 wound secretions, 3 amniotic fluids, 1 peritoneal cavity fluid, 1 sputum, and 1 hemoculture. <b>Results</b>: In cervical samples, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) was the most prevalent, representing 42.46% of the isolates. <i>E. coli</i> was the second most frequent at 30.16%, followed by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> at 11.9%, <i>S. aureus</i> at 8.73%, <i>C. albicans</i> at 2.78%, and other species at 3.97%. A total of 9.63% of cervical GBS isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin, while 23.36% were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and MDR <i>S. aureus</i> strains were identified in 50% and 54.54% of the <i>S. aureus</i>-positive cervical samples, respectively. <b>Conclusions</b>: Recognizing the implications of maternal infection or colonization, especially with antimicrobial resistance bacteria, aids in assessing risks during pregnancy.