Publicness of theatre and cinema arts: A proposal for defining an ideal public sphere

This study examines the relationship between the arts of theatre and cinema and the public sphere, as well as how these arts initiate a process of mental deliberation concerning the concept of the public sphere in the minds of individuals. The concept of the public sphere is defined as a space where individuals can freely come together to discuss social issues and ensure the visibility of different identities. From the perspective of the public nature of art, these spaces, where people from various segments of society come together to share a common artistic experience, may be considered to possess a public character. However, the processes through which these spaces are appropriated by the public bring with them various challenges. The cultural, social, educational, and democratic functions of representational arts, such as theatre and cinema, which are often attributed a sense of publicness, are generally shaped according to the demands of individuals. Nevertheless, the influence of the state authority and the private sector in shaping these spaces for their own purposes leads to the standardisation of the supposedly free nature of art. Particularly in modern societies today, the emphasis on consumer culture and individuality contributes to the erosion of the concept of the public sphere in the minds of individuals. The manipulative use of media and communication tools further undermines the fundamental elements of the public sphere, such as the transparent flow of information and equal participation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the public functions of theatre and cinema arts in this context. Redefining the social and cultural functions of these arts and strengthening their public roles, which have been weakened due to existing structures and constraints, emerges as a significant issue today. The redefinition and strengthening of the public sphere contain the essential elements that will enable individuals to exist actively as political agents within society. Therefore, the evaluations and comparisons made regarding public sphere theories necessitate a reconsideration of what an ideal public sphere might entail. This study aims to discuss the public nature of theatre and cinema arts and demonstrate their impacts on individuals and society, as well as what this newly conceptualised publicness might signify in this context.