Distinct Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 on Microbial Single-Nucleotide Variants in Large Intestine and Small Intestine

The intestinal tract extends several times the length of bodies, with varying environmental conditions across different segments (small intestinal and large intestinal), thereby harboring distinct gut microbiota. Most studies focused on the quantitative responses of gut microbiota upon probiotics entering the gut, without an in-depth analysis of how the genetic change in local gut microbiota. Therefore, in this experiment, C57BL/6J male mice were once administered <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> HNU082 (Lp082). Then, the mice were euthanized on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after gavage, and the contents of the small and large intestines of the mice were scraped for metagenomic analysis. Based on the characterization of large intestine and small intestine bacteria, changes in the diversity and abundance of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of microbiota were analyzed. There were observable distinct responses at the genetic level. A significant number of SNVs were identified in <i>Ligilactobacillus murinus</i> in the large intestine. These SNVs may impact the utilization of carbohydrates in <i>L. murinus</i>. Ingested probiotics traversed the entire gut and interacted with the indigenous microbiota, driving the evolution of the indigenous gut microbiota in the different intestinal segments, thereby influencing microbial growth and metabolism. This study investigates the role of probiotics in the evolution of gut microbiota. It offers new probiotic insights and a basis for targeted interventions.