Introductory experiences and expectations of mobile-based meditation: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

This study explores the introductory experiences and expectations of mobile-based meditation (MbM) among university students, a non-clinical population, to address gaps in mindfulness research regarding individual needs. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, semi-structured online interviews were conducted with six students. The analysis identified three interconnected themes in initial MbM practice: calm (induced by clarity, escape, portability, autonomy, and reduced distractions); focus (affected by setting, novelty and structure of guided meditations, disentanglement of thoughts, and a ‘wakeful sleep’ experience); and self-awareness (focused on bodily sensations, memories, abilities, emotions, and life’s pleasures). While self-awareness was generally positive, perceived limitations in focus caused demotivation and discontinuation of MbM for some participants. Initial mindfulness experiences often heightened expectations regarding calmness, adherence, and continued use. The study acknowledges potential positivity bias and challenges in capturing the nuanced temporal dynamics of introductory MbM experiences. These findings underscore the importance of clear communication from MbM app developers and healthcare providers about the purpose and potential emotional variability of mindfulness practice, including the integration of focus-related metrics, before individuals begin using MbM. This research contributes novel insights into the psychological variability of MbM experiences, both between and within individuals, and offers practical implications for the design and implementation of MbM interventions.