Nature-based Solutions for Agricultural Drought Adaptation Strategies in the Karst Area of Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia

Drought significantly impacts agriculture and economies, particularly in karst regions like Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study proposes nature-based solutions (NBS) to address drought challenges, focusing on increasing water retention capacity as the most effective strategy. Identified through the Climate-ADAPT platform and evaluated using multi-criteria analysis (MCA), this strategy scored highest in vulnerability reduction, ecological enhancement, and employment generation. Artificial reservoirs, locally known as “Embung,” are recommended for capturing rainfall and runoff in water-scarce areas. These reservoirs provide reliable water sources for agricultural activities during dry seasons, ensuring consistent productivity and reducing the risks of crop failure. Beyond agricultural benefits, reservoirs serve as multifunctional spaces, potentially enhancing local economies through tourism, recreation, and aquaculture. Effective implementation requires tailoring designs to the karst landscape, addressing the unique hydrogeological conditions of the region. Collaboration among stakeholders— including local governments, community groups, and agricultural practitioners— is essential to ensure sustainability and long-term impact. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating stakeholder input in planning and maintenance, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to these projects. By leveraging nature-based solutions, Gunungkidul Regency can build resilience to climate change, enhance agricultural productivity, and create new socio-economic opportunities. This approach offers a scalable model for other drought-prone regions, highlighting the potential of sustainable, community-centered strategies in addressing complex environmental challenges while achieving broader development goals.