Longitudinal effects of green, blue, and gray spaces on early adolescent mental health in the United States

Green and gray space exposure may be positively and negatively associated with adolescents' psychosocial development, respectively. However, demographic variables such as gender and socioeconomic status may account for more change in early adolescent psychopathology than environmental variables. Regardless, greater attention to youths' green and gray space exposure could help promote mental health at a population level.