Modulation of the biological response to surfaces through the controlled deposition of 3D polymeric surfactants

Biomaterials play a crucial role in modern medicine through their use as medical implants and devices. However, they can support biofilm formation and infection, and lack integration with the surrounding human tissue at the implant site. This work reports the development of novel poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) based copolymers that address both issues. These PEA materials were molecularly designed polymeric surfactants (surfmers) synthesised <i>via</i> controlled radical polymerisations to achieve different polymeric architectures, (<i>i.e.</i>, statistical and block copolymers). These were both deposited as structured 2D films on glass coverslips and used to manufacture monodisperse 3D micro-particles with functional surfaces (<i>via</i> microfluidics). ToF-SIMS was used to analyse these 2D and 3D surfaces to understand: (a) the surface arrangement of the monomer sequences exhibited by the different polymer structures and (b) how this surface monomer arrangement influenced mammalian fibroblast cell and/or <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> behaviour at these film/particle surfaces. In addition, the form of the fibronectin (FN) network assembly's importance in promoting growth factor (GF) binding was probed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the 2D films. This confirmed that specific surfmer molecular surface organisations were achieved during film/micro-particle fabrication, which presented exterior functionalities that either prevent biofilm attachment or promote the formation of structured FN networks for GF binding.