Nuclear‐Targeted Material Enabled Intranuclear MicroRNA Imaging for Tracking Gene Editing Process

Gene editing technology based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) systems serves as an efficient tool in cancer therapy. Tracking the gene editing process can help identify the progress of cancer treatment. However, existing techniques for monitoring the gene editing process rely on lysed cells, which can not reflect the dynamic changes of nucleic acid in living cells. It urgently needs in situ and real-time imaging technologies to track the gene editing process at a living single-cell level more effectively and precisely. Here, we reported a highly efficient nuclear-targeted material, phenylboronic acid modified linear PEI (LPBA), for loading gene editing plasmids and fluorescent probes to track gene editing processes of microRNA. Based on LPBA, we achieved efficient intranuclear microRNA imaging at the living cell level, reaching 32.4-fold higher than the linear PEI (LPEI) delivery system, which facilitated further sensitive monitoring of the gene editing process both in living cells and in vivo. Meanwhile, this efficient gene-editing and real-time detection technique could be extended to screening effective gene-editing plasmids. Such LPBA-based imaging technology extended the imaging area of microRNA and offered new insight in the field of gene editing and nucleic acid detection.