INDICES OF WINTER WHEAT CROP STRUCTURE DEPENDING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of chemicals on the indicators of the winter wheat yield structure. The study was conducted in 2024 at the stationary lysimetric laboratory of Agrarian Institute of Moscow State University named after N.P. Ogarev. Agrochemical indicators of leached heavy loamy chernozem, medium-deep: humus content 6.4% (according to I.V. Tyurin), mobile forms of phosphorus - 155 mg/kg, potassium - 120 mg/kg (according to Kirsanov), pH of salt extract - 6.2. The object of the study is winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of Moskovskaya 39 variety. The experiment is a two-factor one, repeated three times. Experimental design: Factor A – 1) without fertilizers (control); 2) moderate dose (N60P60K40); 3) high dose (N120P120K80). Factor B – 1) without plant protection products (control); 2) using a set of plant protection products (herbicide – Balerina 0.6 l/ha + Mortira 0.015 g/ha; insecticide – Borey Neo 0.15 l/ha; fungicide – Baliy, KME 0.8 l/ha, + Rakurs SK 0.2 l/ha). According to Saransk meteorological station, 2024 was a dry year, with a precipitation amount of 460 mm, a sum of effective temperatures (<10ºC) of 729˚C and an average daily temperature of +17.4˚C. It was found that with the application of a high dose of fertilizers and plant protection products, the number of grains in an ear increased from 14.8 pcs. to 28.7 pcs. Chemicals did not have a reliable effect on the weight of 1000 grains. The productivity of winter wheat in the control group was 2.66 t/ha, the use of plant protection products increased the productivity by 14%, and moderate doses of fertilizers provided an increase of 34%, reaching 78% in combination with pesticides. High doses of fertilizers increased the yield by 89%, and complex treatment almost doubled this figure (5.52 t/ha).