Methods for Designing Technologies of Organic Crop Production

One of the primary factors contributing to the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment is the intensification of agricultural production; particularly the expansion of enterprises engaged in crop production. One of the approaches to mitigating environmental risks is a partial transition to organic farming. However; the sustainable development of organic production in the Russian Federation requires the establishment of a knowledge-intensive environment that integrates the latest advancements in biological; engineering; and digital sciences to develop innovative methods for designing organic crop production technologies. ( Research purpose ) To conduct theoretical studies aimed at developing methods for designing machine technologies applicable to organic crop production. ( Materials and methods ) An analysis of previously developed design methods was conducted to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Based on this analysis; the classical Waterfall model - a sequential design approach - was identified as a rational choice for interpretation. ( Results and discussion ) At the initial stage of implementing the Waterfall model; a block diagram was developed to outline the general algorithm for designing machine technologies applicable in organic crop production. The first phase of this algorithm involves analyzing soil-climatic and economic conditions. Once these conditions are assessed; production resources; such as seed material; fertilizer system; and plant protection system; are selected based on key criteria; including environmental safety; product quality; potential yield; and financial costs. This algorithm then proceeds to the selection of the most efficient technological operations and machine-tractor units. This selection is guided by an integrated eco- economic criterion; formulated as the sum of three components: total financial costs per unit of work; economic losses due to nutrient depletion in the arable layer; and economic losses resulting from soil compaction during technological operations. The integrated eco-economic criterion must be optimized to minimize its value for each technological operation. ( Conclusions ) The developed methods of designing technologies for the organic production of crop make it possible to form a digital system of basic technologies and machines; to develop technological maps for organic cultivation under specific soil; climatic and economic conditions.