Novel Carbon Capture System Coupled with Solar Energy and Power-to-Gas Design Based on Thermodynamic, Exergoeconomic, and Exergoenvironmental Analyses

To achieve the global net-zero goal, carbon capture systems based on renewable energy sources are considered to have an important role in reducing carbon emissions. This study proposed a novel carbon capture system integrated with a CO2 compression module, parabolic trough solar collectors, steam Rankine cycle, and power-to-gas. Thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The thermodynamic analysis results show that the energy consumption rate of the carbon capture system, the CO2 capture rate, and exergy efficiency are 4.68 GJ/tCO2, 90%, and 15.66%, respectively. The average production of CO2 is 9246.24 kg/h and CH4 is 152.2 N m3/h. Parabolic trough solar collectors are the dominant part of exergy destruction, accounting for 54.25% of the total exergy destruction. The exergoeconomic factor, the per-unit system outputs exergy cost, and the system total cost rate are 65.93%, 0.0394 $/GJ, and 1089.03 $/h. The exergoenvironmental factor, the system total environmental impact rate, and system output environmental impact are 45.26%, 0.0697 mPts/GJ, and 3589.88 mPts/h. Moreover, the comparison results of the proposed system and the conventional carbon capture system show that the carbon capture unit and the stripper of the proposed system have increased their exergy efficiency by 1.61% and 4.29%. The parameter study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various input parameters on the performance of the proposed system. This study can provide theoretical application guidance for a carbon capture system based on renewable energy.