Prognotic signs of the academic adaptability of first-year students and the possibility of influence on them by means of physical culture

The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of “educational adaptation” and “educational adaptability” of students. The prerequisites for the effectiveness of students’ adaptation to the educational process are determined. The relevance of studying gender manifestations of adaptability, individual personalities of development that determine the success of educational adaptation, and the possibilities of pedagogical influence on it by means of physical culture are shown. It has been established that adaptive capabilities are measured by the stock of functional reserves of the organism: physiological, which are the basis of this system and directly or indirectly depend on the morphofunctional status, level of motor activity and motor capabilities of the individual, and mental, which are based on individual-typological features of the nervous system, features of the psychotype, etc. and are responsible for the psycho-emotional state, volitional activity and socialization of the individual. The initial level of educational adaptability of first-year students is studied, prognostic signs of the development of the body and personality of students that affect the success of adaptation to the educational process are established. It was determined that only three out of ten boys and two out of ten girls have a high level of educational adaptability, and the adaptation to the educational process of boys is generally higher than that of girls. It was found that the most adapted to educational activities are more hardy, stronger, coordinated, stress-resistant young men with a strong nervous system, low levels of anxiety and aggressiveness, and the most adapted to educational activities are more hardy and agile with low levels of stress and anxiety, and a strong nervous system. The results of the study substantiate the importance of organizing students' physical activity in the conditions of study in higher education institutions and the feasibility of developing a teaching methodology for adapting first-year students to the educational process using physical education.