Understanding agribusiness: a history of the farm problem

Purpose This paper aims to explore the history of a politically charged term, agribusiness. The term represents both market and government forces in an essential industry. Design/methodology/approach A history is exposed while actor-network theory and non-corporeal actant theory permit the exploration of how meaning is made and given to members of a value chain. Findings The Farm Problem of the early 20th century foretells many future bubbles as well as the tension between market-focused economics and the political need for a stable food supply. The term agribusiness came into being to infuse a business approach into agriculture but the concept (a non-corporeal actant) has morphed and spread throughout the global food and fibre value chains. Research limitations/implications The work relies on published accounts and theories which are likely incomplete. Practical implications Agribusiness has been further complicated by supply chain issues of the recent pandemic. By reviewing the origins of the idea in the Dust Bowl, the New Deal, two World Wars and the interwar and post-war periods policymakers and practitioners may foresee upcoming crises. Social implications Food (along with shelter and safety) are the fundamental needs of humans. Understanding how food is produced and supplied are key to the continuance of society. Originality/value Non-Corporeal Actant Theory (NCAT) provides a unique means of exploring the role of people, places, things and ideas in the history of industries and economies. The history of farming is a challenging mix of government, trade and markets which requires a robust method of enquiry embracing complexity.