Gold Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: Innovations, Applications, and Challenges

In addition to its special physicochemical characteristics, such as their large surface area, biocompatibility, simplicity of functionalization, and capacity to enable regulated drug release, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have drawn a lot of interest in the field of drug delivery. Because of these characteristics, AuNPs are excellent choices for targeted drug administration, improving the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness of a range of medications. Functional groups like antibodies as well as peptides from or small molecules can be added to the surface of metallic nanoparticles to allow for the selective targeting of particular cells or tissues, especially in the treatment of cancer.Furthermore, AuNPs provide flexible drug delivery platforms by encapsulating a variety of therapeutic molecules, such as hydrophobic medications, proteins, and nucleic acids. Enhancing drug release kinetics and reducing adverse effects is made possible by the capacity to adjust the size, influence, and surface properties of AuNPs. There are still issues with the toxicity, flexibility, and long-term biologic compatibility of AuNP-based drug administration systems, despite their encouraging promise. To allay these worries and fully use gold nanoparticles' therapeutic promise in personalized medicine, more investigation is required. Keywords: Biocompatibility, Functionalization, Nanoparticles, Encapsulating.