Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
Abstract We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches.
Authors
- W. W. Heidbrink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-8043)
- D. Zarzoso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-8092)
- V. N. Duarte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-7518)
- S. Briguglio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-4995)
- M. Salewski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-679X)
- D. Moseev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-8565)
- A. K̈onies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-9000)
- Matteo Valerio Falessi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-226X)
- A. Mishchenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1436-4502)
- S. D. Pinches (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-945X)
- M. García-Muñoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-502X)
- M. Podestá (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-0585)
- Zhiyong Qiu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-8819)
- B. N. Breǐzman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-6497)
- P. Aleynikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3037-3679)
- C. M. Muscatello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-0419)
- Huabing Cai
- Y. Todo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-8285)
- Н. Н. Гореленков (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-8149)
- S. Lazerson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-0121)
- Wei Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-6295)
- T. Kurki-Suonio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-6301)
- T. Hayward-Schneider (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-5090)
- L. Chen
- G. Vlad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-5436)
- V. Kiptily
- Matthew Hole (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-8776)
- X. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-1771)
- F. Zonca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-4704)
- S. E. Sharapov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-4876)
- E. D. Fredrickson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-4089)
- R. Dümont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-138X)
- R. Bilato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-9333)
- Zhihong Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-8983)
- Michael L. Fitzgerald (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-9250)
- A. Polevoi
- A. Snicker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-9666)
- M. A. van Zeeland
- M. Schneider
- D. A. Spong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-1873)
- P. Lauber
- M. Nocente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-5275)
- Ye. O. Kazakov
Institutions
- ITER (FR)
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (IT)
- Australian National University (AU)
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (IT)
- Royal Military Academy (BE)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Aix-Marseille Université (FR)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (US)
- Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (GB)
- National Institute for Fusion Science (JP)
- CEA Cadarache (FR)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics - Greifswald (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (DE)
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (CN)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- General Atomics (United States) (US)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Fusion for Energy (ES)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI)
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Aalto University (FI)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nuclear Fusion
- Published
- 2025-03-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763
- Citations
- 26
- Primary Topic
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 48.62