Agrobiodiversity integration in farming systems for income generation and livelihood options of smallholder farmers in Nepal: A case study of Bhimphedi Municipality

Food and nutrition security are critical global concerns, particularly for smallholder farmers in Nepal who face challenges with resources and inputs. This study explores how the Chabeli Farmers Group in Bhimphedi Municipality can utilize agrobiodiversity to enhance their farming systems and income. To achieve this, a survey was conducted involving 20 farmers (10 male and 10 female), supplemented by focus group discussions and field observations. The study identified 60 species across cereals, vegetables, fruits, forage, and fodder crops, representing 99 genotypes and 10 types of livestock. Farmers preserve and manage these species through traditional practices, such as storing seeds in Bhakari containers made of bamboo and mud. The findings of this study highlight the importance of passing knowledge from one generation to the next and the role of traditional methods in protecting biodiversity. Additionally, a Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) facilitates the sale of organic cash crops. The study demonstrates that effective biodiversity management enhances resilience, diversifies income, and improves market access. In conclusion, integrating agrobiodiversity with community-driven systems improves food security, protects biocultural heritage, and offers scalable solutions for long-term sustainable farming.