An Adaptive Goal Decomposition Decision Model for Satellite Tracking with Noncooperative Ground-Based Equipment

The proliferation of nongeostationary orbit (NGSO) satellites necessitates innovative tracking solutions for noncooperative satellite observation and signal detection. This study introduces an adaptive goal decomposition decision model that integrates adaptive calibration, goal decomposition, and strategic decision-making to optimize tracking precision and ensure the orbital safety of various satellite constellations. The model self-calibrates orbital parameters using ephemeris data, employs four objective functions for conflict-free optimization, and identifies optimal tracking strategies based on specific criteria defined by five metrics. Demonstrating robustness across diverse NGSO scenarios, the model significantly boosts ephemeris calculation efficiency, surpassing traditional methods. For Starlink, prioritizing angular coverage during satellite passes increases overall performance by $21.63 \%$, and tracking numbers by $\mathbf{1 8 . 1 8 \%}$, compared to the least effective objective function that solely resolves time conflicts. For OneWeb, balancing pass duration and angular coverage optimizes performance, resulting in a $27.55 \%$ enhancement in efficiency and an $\mathbf{8 0 0 . 0 0 \%}$ increase in tracked satellites than the least effective small-angle-switching objective.