Market-Based Versus Non-Market-Based Mechanisms: External Value Sssessment of Distributed Photovoltaic

The rapid development of distributed energy presents new opportunities for advancing renewable energy integration and achieving low-carbon transition goals. Combining distributed photovoltaics (PV) with energy storage has become a focal point in current research. To align with evolving policy frameworks, this study constructs a dual-layer investment model for distributed PV storage systems, evaluating their externality value under both market and non-market mechanisms. Case studies based on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, which indicates that different pricing mechanism can exert vital influence on the external value of distributed photovoltaic system.