Optimal Operation of Electro-Thermal-Hydrogen System Based on Refined Hydrogen Storage Modeling

As the energy structure continues to evolve, the proportion of clean energy sources, including wind, solar, and hydrogen, has exhibited a gradual increase. Electro-thermal-hydrogen systems provide an integrated platform for harmonizing these diverse energy forms, capitalizing on their complementary characteristics to enhance both economic viability and operational flexibility. To overcome the limitations of conventional hydrogen storage models, which often oversimplify and fail to accurately represent the physical properties of the associated equipment, this paper proposes an optimal operation strategy for electro-thermal-hydrogen systems which incorporates an advanced hydrogen storage model that accounts for the thermodynamic phenomena occurring during the storage process. The study begins with the development of a temperature model for high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, grounded in the thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen. The optimization problem is aiming to minimize costs related to energy procurement and the curtailment of both wind and solar energy while maximizing revenue from hydrogen sales. Finally, simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate both the necessity and effectiveness of the refined hydrogen storage model.