Distribution-level Flexibility Market for Congestion Management of Distribution Networks Considering Responsiveness Uncertainties of Electrical Vehicles

The large-scale deployment of distributed energy resources in distribution networks has led to congestion issues for distribution system operators (DSOs). To address this, DSOs can use a distribution-level flexibility market (DFM) to leverage demand-side flexibility. This paper proposes a DFM clearing model that optimizes electric vehicle (EV) aggregator bidding to alleviate congestion while ensuring economic benefits for participants. To address EV responsiveness uncertainty, a stochastic DFM clearing model based on chance-constrained programming is introduced, ensuring that the probability of congestion remains below a predefined threshold at a given confidence level. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the DFM in managing day-ahead congestion and ensuring economic benefits, while the stochastic clearing model enhances the robustness of congestion management.