Multi-Objective Coalitional Game for Energy Trading Among Multiple Microgrids

Traditional coalition games have been single-objective. With the implementation of the dual-carbon strategy, it is inevitable to take economic utility and environmental utility into account in the process of multi-microgrid coalition games, and the two are difficult to be directly coupled. In this case, microgrids will participate in electricity trading through cooperative coalition. In order to improve the microgrid efficiency in the coalition and promote the on-site consumption of distributed clean energy, this paper proposes a multi-objective coalition game trading method based on utility and carbon emission reduction. Firstly, a coalition multi-objective model is established. Secondly, the Shapley value method is used to allocate the utility and carbon reduction emissions within the coalition. Finally, a multi-objective dominance relationship was designed to find the optimal coalition. Simulation results demonstrate that, among the three non-dominant coalition forms at Pareto Layer, the optimal coalition form can be effectively found out by calculating fitness, namely, coalition form [(MG3, MG4), (MG1, MG2, MG5, MG6)]. In comparison to traditional operating modes, the multi-objective coalition game trading algorithm effectively fosters cooperative games among microgrids, enhancing both their individual utility and carbon emission reductions.