A Two-Stage P2P Market Mechanism Considering the Uncertain Electricity Price of Distribution Network

High penetration of renewable energy resources (RESs) in global power systems induces the decrease of reliability and predictability in distribution network, which increasing the demand of distribution network operators (DSOs) for real-time flexibility reserve. Besides, the uncertainty component of prosumers will cause volatility penalties, thereby curbing the extent to which prosumers participate in the peer-to-peer (P2P) market. This article prevents a two-stage P2P market to trade power and regulation capacity, which balance uncertain components in the distribution network layer rather than propagating to the transmission system. DSOs coordinate the auxiliary market and P2P energy market based on optimal social welfare. On this basis, a prosumer adjustment utility model is proposed, and the P2P regulation ability market is constructed. The fast-alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is utilized to clear the regulation ability transaction volume of each prosumer.