Rural Household Distributed Photovoltaic in City Z: Impact, Challenges and Policies

This paper examines the development of rural distributed photovoltaic in Z City, China, highlighting its advantages and challenges. The “commercial development, leasing roofs, full internet access” model dominates, though policy loopholes lead to illegal profiteering. Safety issues and overloading of the distribution network emerge due to unchecked investor behavior and inadequate grid planning. The study reveals an imbalance between photovoltaic resources and grid capacity, posing risks to power system stability and load forecasting. It also underscores security concerns from massive, fragmented PV access. The paper concludes by proposing policy optimizations to ensure orderly PV development, strengthen grid capacity analysis, and plan for future grid upgrades to support sustainable PV growth.