Hierarchical Coordinated Control Method for Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Model Predictive Control

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are widely adopted for frequency regulation in regional power grids. However, their limited capacity is inadequate for long-term power compensation, often curtailing wind and PV generation. This paper combines hydrogen energy storage with BESS to create a hybrid hydrogen-electric power station. A hierarchical coordinated control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for the hybrid power station. The lower layer applies MPC to enhance the BESS's ability to smooth grid frequency fluctuations, enabling faster and more accurate tracking of upper-level power commands. The upper layer optimizes the power generation cost and manages the State of Charge (SOC) of the BESS to reduce the power and capacity allocation of the BESS and improve the service life of each unit. In high-penetration renewable energy microgrids, the proposed strategy's frequency regulation capability, SOC management, and cost optimization were simulated and validated.