Optimization Strategy for Virtual Power Plant Participation in Demand Response Scheduling Considering Electric Vehicle Aggregation

As the electric vehicles (EVs) fleet expands, the strain on the power grid from unregulated EV charging is becoming a concern. To mitigate this, the integration of EVs into a virtual power plant (VPP) for active grid participation is proposed. This study introduces an optimization framework for the VPP's engagement in demand response programs, focusing on the aggregation of EV loads. The framework involves developing a detailed model for each VPP component, simulating their operational dynamics, and formulating an optimization strategy aimed at minimizing the VPP's operational expenditures. This strategy accounts for the operational and maintenance costs of the VPP's generation assets, the financial implications of electricity procurement and distribution, and the integration of renewable energy sources. The approach is designed to maximize the utilization of EVs as a flexible resource within the grid. The efficacy of the proposed optimization approach is substantiated through a comparative analysis of computational case studies.