Carbon Emission Evaluation and Comparison for Different Electric Machines

As global warming remains a significant challenge, industries worldwide strive to reduce carbon emissions. With the UK and other countries aiming to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, reducing carbon emissions across all sectors is crucial. Although recent research has concentrated on improving electrical machines' thermal and electromagnetic performance, the carbon footprint associated with their mechanical structures has frequently been overlooked. The initial production stage of these machines, particularly the sourcing of raw materials, can result in considerable carbon embedded in the machine. This paper evaluates the environmental impact of four commercial electrical machines with similar power ratings: one synchronous machine, one induction machine, and two permanent magnet machines. By analysing both the carbon embedded in the materials of these machines and their operational emissions, this study comprehensively assesses their total carbon footprint. The findings offer valuable insights from a carbon emission perspective that can guide the design and selection of rotating electrical machinery.