Optimizing Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Efficient Data Transmission

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are integral to modern applications ranging from environmental monitoring to military operations. Despite their utility, the limited energy capacity of sensor nodes remains a critical challenge, particularly during the most energy-intensive task of data transmission. This paper introduces a novel clustering-based communication protocol designed to optimize energy efficiency and extend the network lifetime. Unlike traditional protocols such as LEACH and SEP, the proposed algorithm minimizes redundant data transmission by employing a control mechanism that detects and skips identical data in successive rounds. This innovation reduces energy consumption during communication between non-cluster head nodes, cluster heads (CHs), and the base station (BS). Simulations conducted in static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic environments demonstrate significant improvements in network stability, energy efficiency, and overall lifespan. These results position the proposed protocol as a robust solution for energy-constrained WSNs.