AI for Smart Farming: Machine Learning Models for Precision Crop Yield Prediction

AI and other advanced technologies are gradually beginning to invade the agriculture sector to serve the increasing demand of the consumers for better methods of food production. A key component of precision agriculture, this work focuses on how to use machine learning models to predict crop yields with high accuracy. Specifically, the nature and volatility of the environmental context – such as the nature and quality of soils, as well as the climatic and water conditions – present a major challenge to the application of the conventional modeling approaches aimed at forecasting productive capacity in agriculture. Still, when comparing, the AI-driven models will allow sorting through much information gathered from different sources, including sensors, satellite imagery, and yield history. This work examines the differences of several machine learning models. Such models are the Random Forests, SVMs, and CNNs and other Deep Learning methodologies respectively. A quality model is evaluated based on scalability, computational performance, and prediction accuracy. Also in scope of the study, there is an opportunity to employ IoT together with data collected with remote sensing to make and provide realtime forecasts and evaluations. By the utilization of the results attained, it is established that the yields expected by the machine learning models are much more precise, which aids in enhancing agricultural decision-making concerning resource utilizing, crop handling, and risk minimization. The purpose of this study is focused on the promotion of the agricultural sustainability and production through the development of the innovative data driven farming practices.