Decentralized Solar PV/Battery-based Energy Management for Isolated Areas

In remote/isolated areas, access to reliable electricity can drastically improve the quality of life, supporting essential services like healthcare, education, and local businesses. However, in regions where extending the power grid is impractical, off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with battery storage have emerged as a promising solution. This study presents an optimized energy management system for off-grid solar PV systems, specifically designed to address the challenges of fluctuating solar irradiance, varying load demands, and battery longevity in isolated applications. Integrating advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms ensures efficient energy capture and stable power delivery even under rapidly changing environmental conditions. The Battery Management System (BMS) employs a bidirectional DC-DC converter to precisely control charging and discharging cycles, contributing to extended battery lifespan and optimized energy flow. Through simulations in MATLAB, the proposed system demonstrates rapid DC bus voltage stabilization at approximately 400 V within 0.1 seconds after load variations, maintaining consistent power output. These results indicate that the optimized energy management approach enhances system efficiency and significantly improves reliability, making it a robust and sustainable solution for rural electrification in off-grid settings.