Nanotechnology: Applications in Solar Energy Storage Systems

Nanotechnology is revolutionizing various fields, especially in enhancing solar energy storage systems. This paper reviews its historical development and current applications, with a focus on the energy sector. It categorizes nanomaterials into zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional types, emphasizing quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes. The synthesis of nanoparticles is explored through top-down and bottom-up methods, including physical, chemical, and biological techniques. It details the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles—such as electronic, optical, and thermal characteristics—that enhance material performance. The paper particularly highlights the role of nanotechnology in improving the efficiency and energy retention of solar energy storage systems. It concludes with a comparative analysis of research gaps, suggesting future studies to further integrate nanotechnology into renewable energy solutions, underscoring its potential for sustainable energy practices.