Interlocking fired bricks as innovative waste Abstraction Proxies; Case study Abuja Northern Nigeria

The disposal of large amounts of red clay, settled below pavement layout will substantially increase the engineering cost of construction and cause damage to the ecological environment. Thus, to assess efficiency of the interlocking fired bricks as waste to green pavement material, its properties was scrutinized. Clay samplings were obtained from 3 sites where the samplings were prominent in Abuja – Nigeria, stabilized with 3 diverse wastes; waste lactose (WL), eggshell ash (ESA) and waste paper ash (WPA), before scrutinized by means of standard techniques. BET scrutiny shows that surface area greatest values was egg shell ash (306.37m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>/s), followed by waste paper ash (285.02 m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>/s), whereas the lowest was waste lactose 1.6m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>/s. Likewise, correlation coefficient revealed that eggshell ash was extremely correlated at 0.995, followed by cement at 0.991, while the least was waste lactose at 0.890.CBR and Atterberg limit test showed that all the clay samples did not conform to the requirement that CBR should not less than 8% and PI should not be more than 12%. But increase in waste additive, CBR increases from 2.12% to 117.41%, whereas both liquid limit and plasticity index reduces from 59.2% and 23.3% to 32.9% as well as 11.2% respectively for Gwagwalada site at optimum percentage and significant correlation of r = 0.96, α = 0.05. Further scrutiny on each of the concrete samples cured for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, demonstrated that the samples produced with eggshell ash, waste paper ash and waste lactose had the highest compressive strength values, followed by those produced without waste paper ash. Likewise, XRD, XRF and FTIR investigation reveals the loss on ignition value which in turn designates those clay samplings has lesser carbonaceous substance and greater mineral matter quantities.