Development and Implementation of An Autonomous Smart Seed Sowing Robot With A Precise Closed-Loop Control System

This paper investigates the development of a modern seed sowing robot whose main aim is to introduce efficiency in the practice of agriculture to improve accuracy with low cost. This automated seed sowing robot tackles some key problems of existing methods such as labor intensity, environmental impacts, and inefficiency. It’s an autonomous movement machine which works automatically by calculating spacing of seeds with proper depth of planting through a micro-controller. The robot can plant a variety of seed types, both with one and multiple seeds per hole while executing provisions to create optimal directions row-wise as well as column depending on pre-programmed instructions. GPS navigation is fitted to the robot to ensure seeds are placed correctly each time, thereby improving uniformity and decreasing overlap. The achieved accuracy rate is 94.75% and the coverage efficiency is improved by comparison to conventional methods. Additionally, consistent performance results were confirmed in different soil types (sandy, loamy, clay) to show that the system can be used more widely. The key to this study is that robotic technology can be used as a basis for expanding and modifying the way agriculture is done in this industry, providing an inexpensive and accurate method for small farms.