Comparative Analysis of Hardware Resource Utilization for MPPT Techniques: P&O, Incremental Conductance, and ANN Using Processor-in-the-Loop Testing on STM32F407

This paper presents a comparative analysis of hardware resource utilization for three Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques: Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IC), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The evaluation uses Processor-in-the-Loop (PIL) testing on the STM32F407 microcontroller. The study aims to provide insights into the efficiency and practicality of each MPPT method when implemented on an embedded system. Key performance metrics, including volatile memory consumption and task execution time, are measured and compared. The results which indicate significant differences in resource utilization between the classical P&O and IC algorithms and the ANN algorithm, highlight the trade-offs between computational complexity and tracking accuracy. These findings have practical implications for engineers and researchers in the field, as they quantify the impact of using intelligent techniques on hardware requirements in real world implementations, thereby engaging the reader with the potential applications of the research.