Evaluation of the Impact of Industry 4.0 Technologies on Supply Chain Resilience in the Maritime Industry

The maritime industry is constantly seeking ways to improve the resilience of its supply chains in the face of numerous challenges and disruptions. The emergence of Industry 4.0 technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, offers promising solutions to enhance supply chain resilience. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Industry 4.0 criteria on supply chain resilience in the maritime industry, with a specific focus on the Apapa Port. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was used to achieve this aim. The MCDM comprises of Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) and entropy method. The selected criteria are compatibility, feasibility, cost-effectiveness, scalability, reliability and performance, security and interoperability and integration. Stakeholder acceptance and collaboration, regulatory compliance, environmental impact, return on investment and long-term viability are the other criteria. Information about the MCDM applicability was obtained from Apapa Port. Furthermore, this study used a questionnaire to obtain information from six experts in the maritime industry. The PFS entropy method was used to determine the most significance criteria among the criteria mentioned above. The results obtained showed that stakeholder acceptance and collaboration was the most significant criterion for the selection problem. It was observed that long-term viability was the least significant criteria. The findings inform stakeholders in the Apapa Port and the broader maritime industry on the potential benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance supply chain resilience.