Green Energy Integration: Modeling Photovoltaic, Hydrogen, and Battery Systems for Cost and Carbon Emission Reduction in Micro-Grids

The increasing need for sustainable energy sources around the globe requires innovative approaches for power distribution and generation. This paper presents an hybrid micro-grid that integrates photovoltaic (PV), battery storage system and hydrogen systems which contains a fuel cell, the electrolyser, and H2 storage tank with grid effectively. Its design significantly lowers carbon emissions and increases cost-effectiveness while maintaining a consistent energy supply, even in emergency situations. Its simulation under Matlab/Simulink analyzes energy consumption, production, total energy costs, and carbon emissions both locally in France and globally, emphasizing the advantages of integrating renewable energy sources. This emphasizes the importance of regional considerations and optimizing the integration of renewable energy for cost efficiency, reliability, and environmental benefits. The article further contributes by exploring the hybridization of battery and hydrogen storage, and studying multiple scenarios using both economic and ecological approaches. An overview of the results indicates significant improvements in energy efficiency and sustainability. The hybrid system shows a notable reduction in carbon emissions and overall energy costs.