Artificial Intelligence in Space Exploration: Improving Data Analysis and Decision-Making for Planetary Missions

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in space exploration, addressing critical challenges and enhancing mission capabilities. This paper reviews AI applications in planetary missions, focusing on autonomous navigation, data processing, scientific discovery, predictive analytics, and mission planning. AI technologies, particularly machine learning and deep learning, have revolutionized decision-making by enabling autonomous operations. Additionally, emerging AI technologies, such as quantum and neuromorphic computing, offer new possibilities for data processing and decision-making. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including AI system robustness in harsh space environments, human-AI interaction, and multi-agent coordination. Future research must tackle technical and standardization challenges while addressing ethical concerns to fully realize AI's potential in space exploration.