Numerical Analysis of AgInSe₂ Solar Cells Using an Optimized ETL

In this paper, we present a detailed numerical investigation aimed at identifying the efficiency limitations of AgInSe2 solar cells by focusing on the optimization of the electron transport layer (ETL) parameters. Our study investigates how varying the ETL thickness, doping concentration, bandgap, and electron affinity affects the overall performance of the solar cell. We propose an optimized set of geometrical and electrical parameters for the ETL to enhance device efficiency. Through our comprehensive analysis, we demonstrate that by fine-tuning these ETL parameters in conjunction with the properties of the AgInSe2 layer, it is possible to achieve a maximum efficiency of up to 10.45%. The optimized design achieves notable performance metrics, including a high <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{J}_{S C}$</tex> of 21.65 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{V}_{OC}$</tex> of 0.67 V, and an FF of 49.64%. This work not only highlights the critical role of ETL parameters in influencing solar cell performance but also provides a framework for addressing degradation factors and guiding further design improvements.