Real-World Clinical Outcomes of Trilaciclib for the Prevention of Myelosuppression in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of trilaciclib in preventing myelosuppression in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Based on the use of trilaciclib, 81 patients were divided into a primary prevention group (PP group, n = 49) and a secondary prevention group (SP group, n = 32). The incidence of myelosuppression, antibiotic usage rate, survival outcomes, and other treatment-related toxicities were analyzed using chi-square tests and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in the SP group was significantly higher than that in the PP group (96.9% vs. 79.6%), with a significantly higher proportion of grade III and above events (37.6% vs. 8.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). For chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, the incidence of grade III/IV events in the SP group was significantly higher than in the PP group (28.1% vs. 8.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.017). Additionally, the SP group experienced higher rates and severity of chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia. The PP group provided better protection against grade III/IV leukopenia and neutropenia (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Non-hematological toxicities and efficacy outcomes were similar between groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The study is the first to demonstrate that trilaciclib is a safe and effective option for the prevention of myelosuppression in esophageal cancer patients.