Photometric Modeling and Correction of the JiLin-1 Lunar Observations Using the Hapke Model

The PMS2 spectral imager onboard JiLin-1 (JL-1) satellite conducted extensive lunar observations, capturing images of the Moon across multiple spectral bands ranging from 415 to 1012 nm, spanning a wide range of lunar phases over an extended period. Photometric modeling plays a key role in deriving the physical and photometric properties of the lunar surface, with photometric calibration serving as a critical step in enhancing data quality for subsequent analyses. In this study, the PMS2 data are used for disk-integrated photometric modeling across these bands with the Hapke model. We analyze the wavelength dependence of photometric parameters and assess the effectiveness of photometric correction. Our study reveals a linear relationship between the amplitude of the opposition effect and wavelength, and gives the functional relationship between the other parameters and wavelength. Notably, we identified for the first time a peak in backscattering near 650 nm for the lunar surface. In addition, we demonstrate that the model parameters derived from a disk-integrated approach provide accurate results when applied to disk-resolved photometric calibration.